How Does Tranexamic Acid Treat Hyperpigmentation in Professional Skincare?
Tranexamic acid treats hyperpigmentation by blocking the plasminogen–plasmin signalling pathway that triggers melanocyte activation in response to UV exposure and skin inflammation. Unlike tyrosinase inhibitors, it acts upstream — interrupting the cascade before excess melanin is synthesised rather than suppressing the synthesis enzyme itself. This mechanism makes it uniquely effective for both UV-triggered pigmentation and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH), the two most common pigmentation presentations encountered in professional esthetic practice.
- Tranexamic acid works by inhibiting the plasminogen–plasmin pathway, preventing the arachidonic acid release that activates melanogenesis in response to UV and inflammation
- Effective professional concentrations range from 2% to 5%, with most clinical studies documenting results at 2%–3% used consistently over 8 to 12 weeks
- It is broadly safe across all Fitzpatrick skin types, including darker skin tones that carry higher PIH risk from aggressive brightening treatments
- Tranexamic acid is synergistic with niacinamide, vitamin C, and azelaic acid, targeting multiple stages of the pigmentation pathway simultaneously
- It fits into professional facial sequences after exfoliation and before occlusive layers, and can be used during microchannel treatments for enhanced transdermal delivery
- Clinical evidence supports its use for melasma, post-acne marks, post-extraction pigmentation, and PIH resulting from professional treatments
Hyperpigmentation is one of the most frequently cited skin concerns among esthetic clients, and it is also one of the most nuanced to treat professionally. The challenge is not simply suppressing melanin — it is identifying which part of the melanogenesis pathway is driving the pattern in each individual client, and selecting ingredients that interrupt that mechanism without triggering new inflammation or sensitisation. For a significant proportion of hyperpigmentation clients, particularly those with post-inflammatory marks or melasma, that challenge has found a compelling clinical answer in tranexamic acid.
Originally developed as a haemostatic pharmaceutical, tranexamic acid entered dermatology through clinical observations that patients taking it systemically showed marked improvement in melasma. Topical formulations followed, and over the past decade a growing body of published clinical evidence has established tranexamic acid as one of the most effective and best-tolerated brightening agents available for professional skincare use. Its mechanism is distinct from the tyrosinase inhibitors that dominate the brightening ingredient category, giving estheticians a genuinely different tool for clients who have plateaued on vitamin C or niacinamide, or who cannot tolerate more aggressive approaches.
This article provides estheticians with a complete clinical reference on tranexamic acid: how it works at the molecular level, how to apply it within professional facial protocols, which combination strategies produce the strongest clinical outcomes, and what clients need to understand to maintain results between appointments.
What Every Esthetician Should Know About Tranexamic Acid and Hyperpigmentation
- Tranexamic acid inhibits the plasminogen–plasmin pathway upstream of melanin synthesis, making it effective for UV-triggered and inflammation-driven pigmentation patterns
- Clinical concentrations of 2%–5% are required for therapeutic brightening effect; formulations below 1% are unlikely to produce visible results
- Tranexamic acid does not cause the photosensitivity associated with vitamin C or AHAs, and carries no ochronosis risk — making it usable year-round and in sensitive-skin protocols
- It pairs synergistically with niacinamide (which blocks melanin transfer) and vitamin C (which provides antioxidant protection) to address pigmentation through multiple pathways simultaneously
- Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation — from extractions, peels, acne, or professional treatments — is one of tranexamic acid’s strongest clinical indications
- Results require consistency: most clients see measurable improvement at 6–8 weeks with significant change at 10–12 weeks when paired with daily SPF use
- Darker Fitzpatrick skin types (IV–VI) benefit most from tranexamic acid’s safer profile compared to hydroquinone and high-dose retinoids, which carry rebound pigmentation risk
Why Tranexamic Acid Has Become a Standard Brightening Ingredient in Professional Practice
The brightening ingredient category has historically been dominated by two classes of actives: tyrosinase inhibitors, which suppress the enzyme responsible for converting tyrosine into melanin, and exfoliants, which accelerate surface cell turnover to physically remove pigmented cells. Both approaches have real clinical value, but each carries meaningful limitations. Hydroquinone — long considered the benchmark tyrosinase inhibitor — is restricted or banned in multiple markets, carries ochronosis risk with prolonged use, and can produce rebound hyperpigmentation in darker skin types. Vitamin C and AHAs are effective but photosensitising, limiting their utility in certain client populations and seasonal contexts. Kojic acid and arbutin offer gentler tyrosinase inhibition but lower potency.
Tranexamic acid entered this landscape as a fundamentally different type of brightening agent. Rather than suppressing tyrosinase activity, it blocks the signalling event that activates melanocytes in the first place. Keratinocytes stimulated by UV radiation release plasminogen activators, which convert plasminogen to plasmin, which in turn releases arachidonic acid and activates prostaglandin synthesis. This cascade directly stimulates melanocytes to increase melanin output. Tranexamic acid inhibits the binding of plasminogen to keratinocytes, severing the upstream link in this chain before the melanocyte activation signal is ever generated.
Why the Upstream Mechanism Matters Clinically
The upstream mechanism is clinically significant for two reasons. First, it means tranexamic acid addresses a different point in the pigmentation pathway than most other brightening ingredients, making it additive rather than redundant when layered with tyrosinase inhibitors like niacinamide or vitamin C. Second, it is particularly effective for inflammation-driven pigmentation because the plasminogen pathway is activated not only by UV but also by tissue injury and inflammation — the exact triggers responsible for post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation following extractions, peels, or acne breakouts. This is a meaningful clinical distinction that explains why some clients who show modest response to vitamin C and niacinamide alone show much better improvement when tranexamic acid is introduced.
The Molecular Mechanism of Tranexamic Acid in Melanogenesis
Understanding how tranexamic acid works at the molecular level allows estheticians to explain the ingredient credibly to clients, set accurate expectations for treatment timelines, and design layering strategies that maximise its effectiveness. The mechanism is well-characterised in the peer-reviewed literature and involves three interconnected processes: interruption of the plasminogen–plasmin pathway, reduction of prostaglandin-driven melanocyte stimulation, and indirect anti-inflammatory activity that reduces the chronic inflammatory signalling that drives melasma and PIH.
Plasminogen Inhibition as the Primary Mechanism
When the skin is exposed to UV radiation or experiences inflammatory injury, keratinocytes release tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA). These enzymes convert plasminogen to plasmin, and plasmin releases arachidonic acid from cell membranes. Arachidonic acid is converted to prostaglandins and thromboxanes through the cyclooxygenase pathway, and these eicosanoids directly stimulate melanocyte tyrosinase activity and dendrite extension, leading to increased melanin synthesis and accelerated melanin transfer to keratinocytes. Tranexamic acid is a synthetic lysine analogue that competitively blocks plasminogen binding to the lysine receptor sites on the keratinocyte surface, preventing plasminogen-to-plasmin conversion and effectively shutting down the entire downstream cascade before the melanocyte activation signal is generated.
How Tranexamic Acid Interrupts the Pigmentation Cascade
UV radiation and inflammation trigger keratinocytes to release plasminogen activators. These convert plasminogen to plasmin, which releases arachidonic acid and initiates prostaglandin synthesis. The resulting eicosanoids directly activate melanocyte tyrosinase and stimulate melanin transfer — producing the clinical appearance of hyperpigmentation.
Tranexamic acid is a synthetic lysine analogue. It competitively blocks plasminogen binding at the keratinocyte lysine receptor sites, preventing the plasminogen-to-plasmin conversion entirely. By acting upstream, it stops the activation signal before the melanocyte is ever stimulated — a fundamentally different approach to the tyrosinase inhibition strategy of most conventional brightening ingredients.
This upstream action makes tranexamic acid additive rather than redundant when layered with niacinamide (which blocks melanin transfer to keratinocytes) and vitamin C (which provides antioxidant quenching of reactive oxygen species that further activate melanogenesis). The three ingredients together address three distinct points in the pigmentation pathway simultaneously.
Tranexamic Acid vs. Other Brightening Ingredients: A Professional Comparison
Estheticians selecting brightening ingredients for professional protocols need to understand how tranexamic acid compares to the alternatives across the criteria that matter clinically: mechanism of action, safety profile across skin types, tolerance in sensitive skin, photosensitisation risk, evidence base, and regulatory status. The comparison below covers the five brightening agents most commonly encountered in professional skincare settings.
Where Tranexamic Acid Fits in a Multi-Ingredient Brightening Stack
The clinical comparison above illustrates why tranexamic acid is most powerful when used as part of a layered brightening strategy rather than as a standalone active. Because it operates upstream of the melanocyte activation event, it does not duplicate the action of niacinamide (which blocks melanin transfer downstream) or vitamin C (which provides antioxidant quenching of ROS-driven melanogenesis). Each of these three ingredients addresses a genuinely distinct point in the pigmentation pathway, and clinical estheticians working with moderate-to-severe hyperpigmentation cases routinely layer all three in the same protocol to maximise coverage of the full melanogenesis cascade. The sequencing of application matters: tranexamic acid should be applied first as a lightweight serum, followed by niacinamide, with vitamin C either in the same serum if the formulation is stable or applied as a separate product. Heavier occlusive layers are reserved for the final recovery phase.
When running a multi-step brightening protocol — typically a tranexamic acid serum layered over a niacinamide-based mist, followed by a calming recovery phase — estheticians consistently find that the recovery mask application is where client comfort either holds or falls apart. With the Poly-Luronic™ Jelly Mask applied directly after the active serum stage, the occlusive gel layer creates a physical barrier that noticeably reduces any residual tingling, particularly in clients whose skin has been prepared with a light enzyme exfoliant beforehand. In practice, the key observation is that clients who receive the jelly mask immediately after the tranexamic acid application report significantly less post-treatment tightness compared to those who receive only a hydrating mist and SPF to close the facial — which matters because client-perceived comfort at the end of a brightening treatment strongly influences whether they book a follow-up within the 4-week window that series-based pigmentation protocols require. A cream mask applied during the same phase tends to add weight rather than occlusion, and lacks the consistent set time that allows precise mask-on timing when managing a 60-minute appointment sequence around the active ingredient dwell period.
Six Clinical Scenarios Where Tranexamic Acid Delivers the Strongest Results
Tranexamic acid is broadly useful across hyperpigmentation presentations, but its mechanism makes it especially well-matched to specific client profiles. Understanding these scenarios helps estheticians identify the clients who are most likely to see significant results and structure their protocols accordingly.
Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation From Acne
Clients with active or recently resolved acne produce chronic low-level inflammation that continuously activates the plasminogen pathway. Tranexamic acid interrupts this inflammatory melanogenesis signal, making it the most targeted active for dark marks left by blemishes. It pairs with salicylic acid exfoliation and blue LED therapy in the same protocol without sensitisation concerns.
Post-Extraction Pigmentation Prevention
Extraction trauma triggers localised inflammation and plasminogen pathway activation, creating a high-risk window for new PIH formation in the 48–72 hours following treatment. Applying a tranexamic acid serum immediately after extractions and before the recovery mask phase is a direct application of its mechanism — blocking the inflammatory cascade before pigmentation can be initiated.
Melasma Management in Darker Skin Types
Melasma in Fitzpatrick IV–VI clients is one of the most challenging pigmentation cases in professional practice because many conventional brightening agents carry unacceptable rebound or sensitisation risk. Tranexamic acid’s unrestricted safety profile across all skin types, combined with its UV-pathway mechanism, makes it the preferred active for ongoing melasma management in high-PIH-risk clients.
Post-Chemical-Peel Pigmentation Recovery
Medium-depth chemical peels intentionally induce controlled injury and inflammation that can trigger PIH in susceptible skin. Incorporating tranexamic acid into the post-peel recovery sequence — typically from day 5 onward as the epidermis rebuilds — provides a preventive layer against rebound pigmentation during the healing phase when melanocytes are most reactive to light and heat exposure.
Sun Damage and Photoageing Pigmentation
UV-triggered melanogenesis is the primary pathway tranexamic acid was first studied for, making it directly applicable to clients with diffuse photoageing pigmentation, solar lentigines, and uneven skin tone from cumulative sun exposure. Combined with vitamin C to address ROS-driven melanogenesis and niacinamide for melanin transfer inhibition, tranexamic acid completes a comprehensive photoageing brightening stack.
Brightening Maintenance Between Series Treatments
Clients who have completed a professional brightening series and want to maintain results at home benefit from tranexamic acid in their daily routine because it can be used year-round without photosensitisation concern. Estheticians can recommend tranexamic acid as a consistent between-visit active while rotating other brightening ingredients seasonally, providing a stable brightening baseline across the entire maintenance period.
How to Build a Professional Facial Protocol Around Tranexamic Acid
Translating the science of tranexamic acid into a repeatable, results-producing professional facial protocol requires attention to sequencing, timing, preparation, and recovery. The following framework reflects the application logic used by estheticians working with brightening clients in a professional treatment setting. It is intended as a flexible reference rather than a rigid prescription — client skin condition, sensitivity, and treatment history will always modify specific choices within this structure.
Step-by-Step Brightening Facial Sequence With Tranexamic Acid
Step 1 — Double cleanse and skin assessment. Begin with a gentle oil-based cleanser to remove SPF and makeup, followed by a low-pH foaming cleanser to reset surface pH. Assess pigmentation pattern, skin sensitivity, and barrier integrity before selecting exfoliation intensity. Clients with compromised barrier or active inflammation should receive a gentler preparation phase.
Step 2 — Enzyme or low-percentage acid exfoliation. A 5–10 minute enzyme treatment or a 20–30% lactic acid application (depending on client tolerance and skin type) removes the stratum corneum debris layer and increases transepidermal permeability, allowing the subsequent tranexamic acid serum to penetrate more effectively. Neutralise any acid exfoliant thoroughly before proceeding.
Step 3 — Active serum application. Apply a 2%–3% tranexamic acid serum to dry, clean skin using a fan brush or fingertip application with light pressure. If the protocol includes niacinamide, apply it immediately after as a secondary serum. Allow each layer to absorb for 60–90 seconds before proceeding. For clients receiving microneedling or nano infusion, tranexamic acid can be infused directly during the treatment pass.
Step 4 — Recovery and occlusion phase. Apply a hydrating recovery mask that seals the active layers and prevents transepidermal water loss during the mask dwell time of 15–20 minutes. This phase completes the treatment protocol and supports barrier recovery before the client returns to sun exposure.
Step 5 — SPF and client education. Remove the mask, apply a broad-spectrum SPF 50 (minimum), and provide clear verbal and written aftercare instructions. Emphasise that consistent daily SPF use is not optional in any brightening protocol — without it, tranexamic acid cannot overcome the ongoing melanogenic stimulus from UV exposure.
Client Education Points That Determine Treatment Success
Tranexamic acid treatments succeed or fail largely based on what happens between appointments. Estheticians who invest time in client education consistently see better results than those who focus exclusively on in-treatment technique. The most important between-visit factors are daily SPF application without exception, avoidance of heat and aggressive exfoliation during the first 48 hours after treatment, and realistic expectations about the 8–12 week timeline for visible improvement. Clients who understand the upstream mechanism — that tranexamic acid prevents new pigmentation from being triggered rather than instantly bleaching existing pigmentation — show better treatment adherence and longer retention in brightening programmes.
Professional and Scientific References
The clinical claims in this article are grounded in peer-reviewed dermatology and cosmetic science literature on tranexamic acid, melanogenesis mechanisms, and brightening ingredient efficacy. Key sources include controlled clinical trials, mechanistic studies, and comparative ingredient research published between 2014 and 2025.
- Tse, T.W. & Hui, E. (2013). Tranexamic acid: an important adjuvant in the treatment of melasma. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 12(1), 57–66. Establishes the plasminogen inhibition mechanism of tranexamic acid and its clinical application in melasma treatment.
- Kim, S.J. et al. (2016). Efficacy and safety of 3% tranexamic acid in melasma: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 30(10), 1843–1848. Documents concentration-efficacy relationships and tolerability across Fitzpatrick skin types.
- Handel, A.C. et al. (2014). Melasma: a clinical and epidemiological review. Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia, 89(5), 771–782. Provides foundational reference on melanogenesis pathways and treatment targets relevant to professional practice.
- Bala, H.R. et al. (2018). Oral tranexamic acid for the treatment of melasma: a review. Dermatologic Surgery, 44(6), 814–825. Comparative analysis of systemic and topical tranexamic acid efficacy and the mechanism shared by both routes.
- Gillbro, J.M. & Olsson, M.J. (2011). The melanogenesis and mechanisms of skin-lightening agents — existing and new approaches. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 33(3), 210–221. Comprehensive review of brightening ingredient mechanisms, including comparative analysis of tyrosinase inhibitors versus pathway-interrupting agents.
A professional brightening protocol built around tranexamic acid requires a recovery phase that protects the skin barrier and extends the active ingredient environment after exfoliation and serum application. The criteria that matter clinically are occlusive performance, ingredient compatibility, and consistent set behaviour that integrates predictably into a timed appointment sequence. Poly-Luronic™ Jelly Mask meets all three: its gel matrix creates the semi-occlusive seal that locks tranexamic acid and supporting actives against the skin during the recovery phase, its polyglutamic acid and hyaluronic acid formulation works synergistically with brightening serums without ingredient conflict, and its predictable set time allows estheticians to run the recovery phase within a 15–20 minute window without adjusting the rest of the appointment. For estheticians managing a brightening client series where recovery quality directly affects treatment-to-treatment results, this is the recovery mask formulation that earns its position in the protocol on clinical grounds.
Explore the Poly-Luronic™ Jelly Mask LineFrequently Asked Questions: Tranexamic Acid and Hyperpigmentation Treatments
How does tranexamic acid reduce hyperpigmentation?
Tranexamic acid reduces hyperpigmentation by blocking the interaction between keratinocytes and melanocytes that triggers excess melanin production. Specifically, it inhibits the plasminogen-plasmin pathway, which prevents the release of arachidonic acid and the subsequent UV-induced surge in melanogenesis. Unlike tyrosinase inhibitors that act directly on the melanin synthesis enzyme, tranexamic acid works upstream by disrupting the signalling cascade that activates melanocytes in the first place, making it particularly effective for UV-triggered and post-inflammatory pigmentation patterns.
Is tranexamic acid safe for all skin types?
Tranexamic acid is considered one of the most broadly tolerated brightening ingredients available, making it suitable for all Fitzpatrick skin types including darker tones that are more prone to post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. It does not carry the irritation risk associated with hydroquinone or the photosensitising properties of high-dose vitamin C or alpha-hydroxy acids. Clinical studies have documented its safe use in sensitive, rosacea-prone, and reactive skin profiles. Estheticians routinely recommend it for clients who cannot tolerate more aggressive brightening protocols.
What concentration of tranexamic acid is effective in professional skincare?
Effective topical concentrations of tranexamic acid in professional skincare typically range from 2% to 5%. Studies on melasma treatment most commonly use concentrations between 2% and 3%, which produce measurable reductions in melanin index scores within 8 to 12 weeks. Higher concentrations up to 5% are used in some professional-grade serums designed for deeper or more resistant pigmentation. Concentrations below 1% are generally considered sub-therapeutic for visible brightening results, though they may provide maintenance-level benefits in daily-use formulations.
Can tranexamic acid be combined with other brightening ingredients?
Yes, tranexamic acid combines well with several other brightening ingredients and creates a synergistic effect when paired correctly. It works through a different pathway than tyrosinase inhibitors such as niacinamide and vitamin C, meaning these ingredients target melanin production at multiple stages simultaneously when layered together. In professional practice, tranexamic acid is commonly paired with niacinamide to address both melanin transfer and keratinocyte-melanocyte signalling, and with vitamin C to add antioxidant protection against UV-triggered melanogenesis. Azelaic acid is another compatible pairing for clients dealing with both pigmentation and sensitivity or redness.
How long does it take to see results from tranexamic acid treatments?
Most clients begin to see measurable improvement in pigmentation intensity after 6 to 8 weeks of consistent tranexamic acid use, with more significant results typically visible at the 10 to 12-week mark. Results depend on the concentration used, the depth and age of the pigmentation, sun exposure habits, and whether tranexamic acid is combined with complementary ingredients or treatments. Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation that is fresh and superficial tends to respond more quickly than long-standing melasma or deep dermal pigmentation. Estheticians should set realistic expectations and emphasise that daily SPF use is non-negotiable to prevent new pigmentation from forming during treatment.
Does tranexamic acid help with post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation specifically?
Yes, tranexamic acid is particularly well-suited for post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) because it targets the plasminogen pathway that becomes activated during skin injury and inflammation. When the skin experiences trauma from acne, extractions, chemical peels, or microneedling, localised inflammatory mediators trigger melanocyte activity, producing the dark marks characteristic of PIH. Tranexamic acid interrupts this inflammatory melanogenesis signal, making it a strong choice for use in post-extraction protocols, after chemical exfoliation, and as part of acne-focused facial sequences where PIH is a primary concern.
When should I apply tranexamic acid during a professional facial?
Tranexamic acid should be applied after cleansing and any exfoliation steps, and before heavier hydration layers, occlusives, or masks. In a standard brightening facial sequence, it fits naturally in the active serum stage: after enzyme or acid exfoliation has removed surface debris and increased skin permeability, and before any barrier-sealing products are applied. If performing a treatment that creates microchannels, such as microneedling or nano infusion, tranexamic acid can be applied directly to skin during the pass to take advantage of enhanced transdermal delivery. Follow with hydrating and barrier-supportive layers to prevent dehydration and maximise ingredient retention.
How does tranexamic acid compare to hydroquinone for professional hyperpigmentation treatments?
Tranexamic acid and hydroquinone work through different mechanisms and have distinct safety and regulatory profiles. Hydroquinone is a potent tyrosinase inhibitor that directly suppresses melanin synthesis, producing fast and dramatic brightening results, but it carries risks of ochronosis with prolonged use, is restricted or banned in several countries, and requires careful management in darker skin types due to the risk of paradoxical rebound hyperpigmentation. Tranexamic acid acts upstream on the melanogenesis signalling pathway, producing slower but more stable results with an excellent safety record across all skin types and no known regulatory restrictions in professional skincare. Many practitioners now prefer tranexamic acid for long-term maintenance protocols precisely because it can be used continuously without the tolerance and safety concerns associated with hydroquinone.
How does the Poly-Luronic Jelly Mask support a tranexamic acid brightening protocol?
The Poly-Luronic Jelly Mask supports a tranexamic acid brightening protocol by providing an occlusive seal that locks active ingredients against the skin surface and prevents transepidermal water loss during the critical period after active treatment. After a tranexamic acid serum is applied, the jelly mask creates a semi-occlusive barrier that extends ingredient contact time and maintains the hydration environment needed for melanocyte-regulating actives to work effectively. Estheticians working with brightening protocols find this particularly valuable after exfoliation steps or microchannel treatments, when the skin barrier is temporarily compromised and hydration loss would otherwise interrupt the treatment environment. The mask also provides the post-treatment calming and recovery support that keeps sensitive or reactive pigmentation clients comfortable through the treatment sequence.
Tranexamic Acid as the Foundation of a Modern Professional Brightening Protocol
Tranexamic acid has earned its place as a cornerstone brightening ingredient in professional practice not because of marketing positioning, but because its mechanism genuinely addresses a gap that conventional tyrosinase inhibitors leave open. By acting upstream on the plasminogen pathway that activates melanocytes in response to UV and inflammation, it prevents pigmentation from being triggered in the first place — making it uniquely effective for the two most clinically challenging pigmentation patterns estheticians encounter: melasma and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. Its unrestricted global regulatory status, excellent tolerance across all Fitzpatrick skin types, and zero photosensitisation risk remove the management concerns that complicate protocols built around hydroquinone or high-concentration retinoids.
For estheticians, the practical takeaway is this: tranexamic acid is not a replacement for the rest of the brightening toolkit, but a complement that makes the entire stack more effective. Paired with niacinamide to block melanin transfer and vitamin C for antioxidant protection, and delivered through a protocol that includes rigorous exfoliation preparation, correct serum sequencing, and an occlusive recovery phase, it produces consistent, measurable improvement for the broadest possible range of hyperpigmentation clients. The investment in understanding its mechanism is an investment in becoming genuinely better at treating one of the most common and most commercially valuable skin concerns in professional esthetic practice.
Continue building your brightening expertise with the companion articles in this cluster: how estheticians treat uneven skin tone and combining brightening ingredients with facial treatments — both available through the navigation below.